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The Right to Dissent. The Critical Principle in Discourse Ethics and Deliberative Democracy. Af Øjvind Larsen. 380 sider, 15 x 23 cm. Pris kr 275,00. Museum Tusculanums Forlag. Udgivet 6/11 2009.

Oversat af Russell Dees.

En diskussion af normer i det moderne, demokratiske samfund.
Retten til at være uenig er retten til at tale om, hvad der er rigtigt og forkert, men er samtidig en moralsk forpligtelse til at begrunde det valgte udsagn. Dette er én af de mest grundlæggende rettigheder i et moderne, demokratisk samfund, som nødvendigvis må sikres gennem medbestemmelse af politiske emner og udformning af juridiske rettigheder i den offentlige sfære i et deliberativt demokrati.
Øjvind Larsen udvikler i denne bog 'uenighedens etik' gennem en ny fortolkning af den tyske filosof Jürgen Habermas' kommunikative etik og politiske filosofi. Frihed, retten til at være uenig og hensynsfuld kritik fremhæves i begrebet om den negative diskurs etik. Dette kritiske perspektiv bliver i bogen integreret i en videre fortolkning af Habermas' teori om kommunikativ handling og sat i relation til de klassiske traditioner inden for politisk filosofi - Platon, Aristoteles, Kant, Hegel, Kierkegaard og Rawls.
Det filosofiske perspektiv udfoldes yderligere, idet forfatteren i en sociologisk diskussion sætter det civile samfund, det offentlige rum, politik, lov og det globale samfund over for den sociologiske tradition repræsenteret af Marx, Weber, Durkheim, Horkheimer, Adorno, Marcuse, Bauman, Foucault og Bourdieu.
"Ethical problems arise from social practice and become visible through contradictions in this practice. In this way, ethics has its source in social practice and points back toward it. There is a sovereignty to ethical problems that prevents them from becoming fully integrated into this practice. Through these ethical problems, we come to deal with the social practice in such a way that it becomes a question of what norms are to be applied in social life and, in a larger perspective, where we are to find the grounds for these norms that are to form the basis for modern society. [...] It is not hard to see the many social-ethical dilemmas into which we are thrown, What is difficult is how to deal with them. When we find ourselves in a social-ethical dilemma, the problem becomes how we are to think about it and then how we are to determine what is right or wrong. The first problem has a social science aspect to it and deals with the relationship of the individual to social life. The second problem has a philosophical character and deals with how ethics makes it possible to deal with the social-ethical dilemmas into which we are thrown. [...] My thesis is that it is no longer possible to establish definitive norms with respect to conditions in modern society. There are no longer any given authoritative norms, and there is no ultimate ethical theory that would make it possible to establish definitve norms. All norms are up for discussion. Therefore, it is only possible to formulate a critical, negative ethical theory. All ethics in modern society must emerge from a critique, which becomes possible when a conflict arises about what norms are to apply. [...] There is no need for any final moral order in modern society. To the contrary, it is the case that it is the possibility for criticism that forms the basis for the transformation of a social order into a moral order that is characterized by a continuous reflection on its own preconditions. If this sort of reflection is not engaged in, the social order congeals into a totalitarian social order. This is also true for modern society. There is no form of totalitarian society that is more dangerous than a modern totalitarian society, because technological-instrumental rationality is loosed without bounds. A formal democracy is not enough. Only a vital discussion and critique can keep modern democratic society alive as a moral order. This is the challenge of social ethics with which we are constantly confronted in modern society"(fra Introduction + The challenge of social ethics).
Øjvind Larsen, dr.phil., er lektor ved Institut for Ledelse, Politik og Filosofi, Handelshøjskolen i København (Copenhagen Business School).

UDDRAG AF INDHOLD: The classical philosophical discussion of the relationship between ethics and modernity. The sociological discussion of the relationship between ethics and modernity. Recent philosophical discussions on the relationship between ethics and modernity. Ethics and politics. Ethics, law and democracy. The challenge of social ethics.
Notes. Bibliography. Index of names. Index of subjects.

UDGIVER:
Museum Tusculanums Forlag
Njalsgade 94, 2300 København S
Tlf: 35 32 91 09, fax: 35 32 91 13
E-post: order@mtp.dk
Internet: www.mtp.dk

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